Migration: Public Asked to Help Track Bird Flu as Winter Migrants Arrive — Birdwatchers Can Play a Vital Role

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Migration: Public Asked to Help Track Bird Flu as Winter Migrants Arrive — Birdwatchers Can Play a Vital Role

14 November 2025
By James Hamilton

Mute Swan by Edmund Fellowes / BTO

As millions of wintering birds arrive in the UK, the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) is calling on birdwatchers and nature lovers to help monitor the spread of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI). Recent weeks have seen an increase in confirmed cases among wild birds, and early reporting from the public is now more important than ever.

Although the situation is serious, experts say that public participation in monitoring is one of our strongest tools, and birdwatchers across the UK have already proven how valuable their observations can be.

Which species are being affected?

Early cases this season have been found mainly in waterbirds such as Mute Swans, Whooper Swans, geese, and several gull species. With large numbers of migratory birds arriving to spend the winter here, scientists are watching closely to understand how the virus may move through bird populations.

Reports from Europe, including a significant die-off of Common Cranes in Germany, highlight the need for careful tracking, but they also give researchers crucial data to work with.

Your sightings can make a difference

The importance of public involvement has been highlighted by Dawn Balmer, BTO Head of Surveys: “We can all play a part in understanding which species are being affected by reporting any dead birds we find. Every record helps build a clearer picture.”

Recording sightings, whether or not you suspect bird flu, is simple through the BirdTrack app -- which many birdwatchers already use daily.

Learning from past outbreaks

Previous outbreaks (2021–2023) had a devastating impact. However, ongoing monitoring means the UK is far better prepared this winter. “By tracking the spread and impacts in real time, we can make more informed decisions about how best to respond.” said Professor James Pearce-Higgins, BTO Director of Science.

How to report dead or sick birds

If you find a sick or dead bird, report it to:

Defra (online or by calling 03459 33 55 77) in England, Scotland, and Wales
DAERA in Northern Ireland
BirdTrack for general sighting and mortality records

Officials will determine whether a bird should be collected for testing. The public is reminded not to touch sick or dead birds and to keep dogs on leads, especially around waterbodies and coastal sites.

A challenging season, but also a chance to help

While avian flu remains a real threat, this winter also offers a powerful opportunity. Through a combined effort of everyday birding, birdwatchers can directly support scientific understanding and conservation. With more eyes on the landscape than ever before, and better reporting tools, experts are hopeful that the UK can respond swiftly and effectively to protect vulnerable species.

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Migration: Public Asked to Help Track Bird Flu as Winter Migrants Arrive — Birdwatchers Can Play a Vital Role​

Migration: Public Asked to Help Track Bird Flu as Winter Migrants Arrive — Birdwatchers Can Play a Vital Role